Aphasia and dementia are two related but distinct conditions that can affect communication and thinking.
Aphasia is a condition that occurs when certain areas of the brain responsible for processing speech and language are damaged. This damage causes difficulties with language. The manifestation of aphasia can vary depending on the type and severity of the brain damage. Some individuals may have difficulty finding the right words or putting sentences together, while others may struggle with understanding spoken or written language. Stroke, head injury, brain tumours or diseases can be the cause.
Dementia represents a decline in cognitive abilities like memory, thinking, and reasoning because of various underlying diseases, like dementia or Alzheimer’s disease. Memory loss is often a prominent symptom, along with difficulties in problem-solving, decision-making, and multitasking. While communication difficulties can occur in dementia, they are not exclusive to the condition and can vary depending on the stage and type of dementia.
Aphasia shows up within dementia in two major ways.
- Primary progressive aphasia: This is a rare form of dementia where aphasia is the very first and most prominent symptom. People with this type of aphasia experience a gradual decline in language skills, making it difficult to speak, understand speech, read, or write. Memory and other cognitive functions may remain relatively intact initially, but over time decline.
- As a symptom of advanced dementia: Sometimes, aphasia can develop as dementia progresses, particularly in Alzheimer’s disease. This typically occurs alongside other cognitive impairments, like memory loss and confusion. The specific communication difficulties will depend on the type of dementia and the areas of the brain affected.
It is important to remember:
Aphasia is typically caused by a specific brain injury, while dementia can result from various underlying diseases that worsen with time.
